1  3760 99 INTEGRATED SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS SHOWS CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING DISRUPTS MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE BONE MARROW. CHRONIC HEAVY ALCOHOL DRINKING (CHD) REWIRES MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES TOWARD HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATORY STATES WITH COMPROMISED ANTIMICROBIAL DEFENSES THAT PERSIST AFTER 1-MONTH ABSTINENCE. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THESE CHANGES ARE MEDIATED THROUGH ALTERATIONS IN THE BONE MARROW NICHE, WE PROFILED MONOCYTES AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL PROGENITORS (HSCPS) FROM CHD RHESUS MACAQUES USING A COMBINATION OF FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS AND SINGLE CELL GENOMICS. CHD RESULTED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES CONSISTENT WITH INCREASED ACTIVATION AND INFLAMMATION WITHIN BONE MARROW RESIDENT MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES. FURTHERMORE, CHD RESULTED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED OXIDATIVE AND CELLULAR STRESS IN HSCP. DIFFERENTIATION OF HSCP IN VITRO REVEALED SKEWING TOWARD MONOCYTES EXPRESSING "NEUTROPHIL-LIKE" MARKERS WITH GREATER INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO BACTERIAL AGONISTS. FURTHER ANALYSES OF HSCPS SHOWED BROAD EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT WERE IN LINE WITH EXACERBATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES WITHIN MONOCYTES AND THEIR PROGENITORS. IN SUMMARY, CHD ALTERS HSCPS IN THE BONE MARROW LEADING TO THE PRODUCTION OF MONOCYTES POISED TO GENERATE DYSREGULATED HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
2  1862 28 EMERGENCE OF FIBROBLASTS WITH A PROINFLAMMATORY EPIGENETICALLY ALTERED PHENOTYPE IN SEVERE HYPOXIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. PERSISTENT ACCUMULATION OF MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES IN THE PULMONARY ARTERY ADVENTITIAL/PERIVASCULAR AREAS OF ANIMALS AND HUMANS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED. THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES REMAIN UNCLEAR. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PERIVASCULAR INFLAMMATION IS PERPETUATED BY ACTIVATED ADVENTITIAL FIBROBLASTS, WHICH, THROUGH SUSTAINED PRODUCTION OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES/CHEMOKINES AND ADHESION MOLECULES, INDUCE ACCUMULATION, RETENTION, AND ACTIVATION OF MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES. WE FURTHER HYPOTHESIZED THAT THIS PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE IS THE RESULT OF THE ABNORMAL ACTIVITY OF HISTONE-MODIFYING ENZYMES, SPECIFICALLY, CLASS I HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS). PULMONARY ADVENTITIAL FIBROBLASTS FROM CHRONICALLY HYPOXIC HYPERTENSIVE CALVES (TERMED PH-FIBS) EXPRESSED A CONSTITUTIVE AND PERSISTENT PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE DEFINED BY HIGH EXPRESSION OF IL-1BETA, IL-6, CCL2(MCP-1), CXCL12(SDF-1), CCL5(RANTES), CCR7, CXCR4, GM-CSF, CD40, CD40L, AND VCAM-1. THE PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE OF PH-FIBS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS AS DEMONSTRATED BY INCREASED ACTIVITY OF HDACS AND THE FINDINGS THAT CLASS I HDAC INHIBITORS MARKEDLY DECREASED CYTOKINE/CHEMOKINE MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS IN THESE CELLS. PH-FIBS INDUCED INCREASED ADHESION OF THP-1 MONOCYTES AND PRODUCED SOLUBLE FACTORS THAT INDUCED INCREASED MIGRATION OF THP-1 AND MURINE BONE MARROW-DERIVED MACROPHAGES AS WELL AS ACTIVATED MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES TO EXPRESS PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND PROFIBROGENIC MEDIATORS (TIMP1 AND TYPE I COLLAGEN) AT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL. CLASS I HDAC INHIBITORS MARKEDLY REDUCED THE ABILITY OF PH-FIBS TO INDUCE MONOCYTE MIGRATION AND PROINFLAMMATORY ACTIVATION. THE EMERGENCE OF A DISTINCT ADVENTITIAL FIBROBLAST POPULATION WITH AN EPIGENETICALLY ALTERED PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE CAPABLE OF RECRUITING, RETAINING, AND ACTIVATING MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES CHARACTERIZES PULMONARY HYPERTENSION-ASSOCIATED VASCULAR REMODELING AND THUS COULD CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN THE PULMONARY ARTERY WALL.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3  3759 74 INTEGRATED SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS SHOWS CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING DISRUPTS MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE BONE MARROW NICHE. CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING REWIRES CIRCULATING MONOCYTES AND TISSUE-RESIDENT MACROPHAGES TOWARDS HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATORY STATES WITH COMPROMISED ANTI-MICROBIAL DEFENSES. AS THESE EFFECTS REMAIN CONSISTENT IN SHORT-LIVED MONOCYTES AFTER A 1-MONTH ABSTINENCE PERIOD IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THESE CHANGES ARE RESTRICTED TO THE PERIPHERY OR MEDIATED THROUGH ALTERATIONS IN THE PROGENITOR NICHE. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE PROFILED MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL PROGENITORS (HSCP) OF THE BONE MARROW COMPARTMENT FROM RHESUS MACAQUES AFTER 12 MONTHS OF ETHANOL CONSUMPTION USING A COMBINATION OF FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS AND SINGLE CELL GENOMICS. BONE MARROW-RESIDENT MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES FROM ETHANOL-CONSUMING ANIMALS EXHIBITED HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATION. DIFFERENTIATION OF HSCP IN VITRO REVEALED SKEWING TOWARDS MONOCYTES EXPRESSING NEUTROPHIL-LIKE MARKERS WITH HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO BACTERIAL AGONISTS. SINGLE CELL TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS OF HSCPS SHOWED REDUCED PROLIFERATION BUT INCREASED INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN MATURE MYELOID PROGENITORS. WE OBSERVED TRANSCRIPTIONAL SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED OXIDATIVE AND CELLULAR STRESS AS WELL AS OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN IMMATURE AND MATURE MYELOID PROGENITORS. SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS OF THE CHROMATIN LANDSCAPE SHOWED ALTERED DRIVERS OF DIFFERENTIATION IN MONOCYTES AND PROGENITORS. COLLECTIVELY, THESE DATA INDICATE THAT CHRONIC ETHANOL DRINKING RESULTS IN REMODELING OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPES OF THE BONE MARROW COMPARTMENT LEADING TO ALTERED FUNCTIONS IN THE PERIPHERY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
4  4307 27 MICRORNA-30 MODULATES METABOLIC INFLAMMATION BY REGULATING NOTCH SIGNALING IN ADIPOSE TISSUE MACROPHAGES. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: OBESITY IS A PANDEMIC DISORDER THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCUMULATION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE AND CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION THAT IS DRIVEN PRIMARILY BY ADIPOSE TISSUE MACROPHAGES (ATMS). WHILE ATM POLARIZATION FROM PRO-(M1) TO ANTI-(M2) INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE INFLUENCES INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND ENERGY EXPENDITURE, THE MECHANISMS OF SUCH A SWITCH ARE UNCLEAR. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE IDENTIFIED EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS INCLUDING MICRORNAS (MIR) IN ATMS THAT REGULATE OBESITY-INDUCED INFLAMMATION. SUBJECTS/METHODS: MALE C57BL/6J MICE WERE FED NORMAL CHOW DIET (NCD) OR HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) FOR 16 WEEKS TO DEVELOP LEAN AND DIET-INDUCED OBESE MICE, RESPECTIVELY. TRANSCRIPTOME MICROARRAYS, MICRORNA MICROARRAYS, AND MEDIP-SEQ WERE PERFORMED ON ATMS ISOLATED FROM VISCERAL FAT. PATHWAY ANALYSIS AND BONE MARROW-DERIVED MACROPHAGE (BMDM) TRANSFECTIONS FURTHER ALLOWED COMPUTATIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF MIRNA-MEDIATED ATM POLARIZATION. RESULTS: ATMS FROM HFD-FED MICE WERE SKEWED TOWARD M1 INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE. CONCURRENTLY, THE EXPRESSION OF MIRS 30A-5P, 30C-5P, AND 30E-5P WAS DOWNREGULATED IN ATMS FROM HFD MICE WHEN COMPARED TO MICE FED NCD. THE MIR-30 FAMILY WAS SHOWN TO TARGET DELTA-LIKE-4, A NOTCH1 LIGAND, WHOSE EXPRESSION WAS INCREASED IN HFD ATMS. INHIBITION OF MIR-30 IN CONDITIONED BMDM TRIGGERED NOTCH1 SIGNALING, PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION, AND M1 MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION. IN ADDITION, DNA HYPERMETHYLATION WAS OBSERVED IN MIR30-ASSOCIATED CPG ISLANDS, SUGGESTING THAT HFD DOWNREGULATES MIR-30 THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. CONCLUSIONS: HFD-INDUCED OBESITY DOWNREGULATES MIR-30 BY DNA METHYLATION THEREBY INDUCING NOTCH1 SIGNALING IN ATMS AND THEIR POLARIZATION TO M1 MACROPHAGES. THESE FINDINGS IDENTIFY MIR-30 AS A REGULATOR OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY ATM POLARIZATION AND SUGGEST THAT MIR-30 MANIPULATION COULD BE A THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR OBESITY-INDUCED INFLAMMATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
5  4563 25 MYELOID DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE3B DEFICIENCY AGGRAVATES PULMONARY FIBROSIS BY ENHANCING PROFIBROTIC MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION. BACKGROUND: IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS (IPF) IS A CHRONIC, PROGRESSIVE AND SEVERE DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY EXCESSIVE MATRIX DEPOSITION IN THE LUNGS. MACROPHAGES PLAY CRUCIAL ROLES IN MAINTAINING LUNG HOMEOSTASIS BUT ARE ALSO CENTRAL IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF LUNG DISEASES LIKE PULMONARY FIBROSIS. ESPECIALLY, MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION/ACTIVATION SEEMS TO PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN PATHOLOGY AND EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMING IS WELL-KNOWN TO REGULATE MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION. DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS IN IPF LUNGS HAVE BEEN WELL DOCUMENTED, BUT THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN SPECIFIC CELL TYPES, ESPECIALLY MACROPHAGES, IS POORLY DEFINED. METHODS: IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN MACROPHAGES DURING PULMONARY FIBROSIS, WE SUBJECTED MACROPHAGE SPECIFIC DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT)3B, WHICH MEDIATES THE DE NOVO DNA METHYLATION, DEFICIENT MICE TO THE BLEOMYCIN-INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS MODEL. MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION AND FIBROTIC PARAMETERS WERE EVALUATED AT 21 DAYS AFTER BLEOMYCIN ADMINISTRATION. DNMT3B KNOCKOUT AND WILD TYPE BONE MARROW-DERIVED MACROPHAGES WERE STIMULATED WITH EITHER INTERLEUKIN (IL)4 OR TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA 1 (TGFB1) IN VITRO, AFTER WHICH PROFIBROTIC GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION AT THE ARG1 PROMOTOR WERE DETERMINED. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT DNMT3B DEFICIENCY PROMOTES ALTERNATIVE MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION INDUCED BY IL4 AND TGFB1 IN VITRO AND ALSO ENHANCES PROFIBROTIC MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION IN THE ALVEOLAR SPACE DURING PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN VIVO. MOREOVER, MYELOID SPECIFIC DELETION OF DNMT3B PROMOTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PULMONARY FIBROSIS. CONCLUSIONS: IN SUMMARY, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT MYELOID DNMT3B REPRESSES FIBROTIC MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION AND PROTECTS AGAINST BLEOMYCIN INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
6  5607 26 RSV-INDUCED H3K4 DEMETHYLASE KDM5B LEADS TO REGULATION OF DENDRITIC CELL-DERIVED INNATE CYTOKINES AND EXACERBATES PATHOGENESIS IN VIVO. RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV) INFECTION CAN RESULT IN SEVERE DISEASE PARTIALLY DUE TO ITS ABILITY TO INTERFERE WITH THE INITIATION OF TH1 RESPONSES TARGETING THE PRODUCTION OF TYPE I INTERFERONS (IFN) AND PROMOTING A TH2 IMMUNE ENVIRONMENT. EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE IMPORTANT IN REGULATING INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS. RSV-INFECTED BONE MARROW-DERIVED DCS (BMDCS) UPREGULATED EXPRESSION OF KDM5B/JARID1B H3K4 DEMETHYLASE. KDM5B-SPECIFIC SIRNA INHIBITION IN BMDC LED TO A 10-FOLD INCREASE IN IFN-BETA AS WELL AS INCREASES IN IL-6 AND TNF-ALPHA COMPARED TO CONTROL-TRANSFECTED CELLS. THE GENERATION OF KDM5BFL/FL-CD11C-CRE+ MICE RECAPITULATED THE LATTER RESULTS DURING IN VITRO DC ACTIVATION SHOWING INNATE CYTOKINE MODULATION. IN VIVO, INFECTION OF KDM5BFL/FL-CD11C-CRE+ MICE WITH RSV RESULTED IN HIGHER PRODUCTION OF IFN-GAMMA AND REDUCED IL-4 AND IL-5 COMPARED TO LITTERMATE CONTROLS, WITH SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED INFLAMMATION, IL-13, AND MUCUS PRODUCTION IN THE LUNGS. SENSITIZATION WITH RSV-INFECTED DCS INTO THE AIRWAYS OF NAIVE MICE LED TO AN EXACERBATED RESPONSE WHEN MICE WERE CHALLENGED WITH LIVE RSV INFECTION. WHEN KDM5B WAS BLOCKED IN DCS WITH SIRNA OR DCS FROM KDM5BFL/FL-CD11C-CRE MICE WERE USED, THE EXACERBATED RESPONSE WAS ABROGATED. IMPORTANTLY, HUMAN MONOCYTE-DERIVED DCS TREATED WITH A CHEMICAL INHIBITOR FOR KDM5B RESULTED IN INCREASED INNATE CYTOKINE LEVELS AS WELL AS ELICITED DECREASED TH2 CYTOKINES WHEN CO-CULTURED WITH RSV REACTIVATED CD4+ T CELLS. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT KDM5B ACTS TO REPRESS TYPE I IFN AND OTHER INNATE CYTOKINES TO PROMOTE AN ALTERED IMMUNE RESPONSE FOLLOWING RSV INFECTION THAT CONTRIBUTES TO DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7  4042 34 MACROPHAGES ACQUIRE A TNF-DEPENDENT INFLAMMATORY MEMORY IN ALLERGIC ASTHMA. BACKGROUND: INFECTIOUS AGENTS CAN REPROGRAM OR "TRAIN" MACROPHAGES AND THEIR PROGENITORS TO RESPOND MORE READILY TO SUBSEQUENT INSULTS. HOWEVER, WHETHER SUCH AN INFLAMMATORY MEMORY EXISTS IN TYPE 2 INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS SUCH AS ALLERGIC ASTHMA WAS NOT KNOWN. OBJECTIVE: WE SOUGHT TO DECIPHER MACROPHAGE-TRAINED IMMUNITY IN ALLERGIC ASTHMA. METHODS: WE USED A COMBINATION OF CLINICAL SAMPLING OF HOUSE DUST MITE (HDM)-ALLERGIC PATIENTS, HDM-INDUCED ALLERGIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION IN MICE, AND AN IN VITRO TRAINING SETUP TO ANALYZE PERSISTENT CHANGES IN MACROPHAGE EICOSANOID, CYTOKINE, AND CHEMOKINE PRODUCTION AS WELL AS THE UNDERLYING METABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND METABOLIC PROFILES OF PATIENT-DERIVED AND IN VITRO TRAINED MACROPHAGES WERE ASSESSED BY RNA SEQUENCING OR METABOLIC FLUX ANALYSIS AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS, RESPECTIVELY. RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT MACROPHAGES DIFFERENTIATED FROM BONE MARROW OR BLOOD MONOCYTE PROGENITORS OF HDM-ALLERGIC MICE OR ASTHMA PATIENTS SHOW INFLAMMATORY TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPROGRAMMING AND EXCESSIVE MEDIATOR (TNF-ALPHA, CCL17, LEUKOTRIENE, PGE(2), IL-6) RESPONSES UPON STIMULATION. MACROPHAGES FROM HDM-ALLERGIC MICE INITIALLY EXHIBITED A TYPE 2 IMPRINT, WHICH SHIFTED TOWARD A CLASSICAL INFLAMMATORY TRAINING OVER TIME. HDM-INDUCED ALLERGIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION ELICITED A METABOLICALLY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPE, PRODUCING HIGH AMOUNTS OF 2-HYDROXYGLUTARATE (2-HG). HDM-INDUCED MACROPHAGE TRAINING IN VITRO WAS MEDIATED BY A FORMYL PEPTIDE RECEPTOR 2-TNF-2-HG-PGE(2)/PGE(2) RECEPTOR 2 AXIS, RESULTING IN AN M2-LIKE MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPE WITH HIGH CCL17 PRODUCTION. TNF BLOCKADE BY ETANERCEPT OR GENETIC ABLATION OF TNF IN MYELOID CELLS PREVENTED THE INFLAMMATORY IMPRINTING OF BONE MARROW-DERIVED MACROPHAGES FROM HDM-ALLERGIC MICE. CONCLUSION: ALLERGEN-TRIGGERED INFLAMMATION DRIVES A TNF-DEPENDENT INNATE MEMORY, WHICH MAY PERPETUATE AND EXACERBATE CHRONIC TYPE 2 AIRWAY INFLAMMATION AND THUS REPRESENTS A TARGET FOR ASTHMA THERAPY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
8  4041 27 MACROPHAGE PLASTICITY IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: A NEXUS OF PATHOLOGICAL REMODELLING WITH THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS. DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC SKELETAL MUSCLE NECROSIS, LEADING TO MUSCLE REGENERATION FAILURE AND FIBROSIS. ALTHOUGH MACROPHAGES (MPS) ARE NORMALLY ESSENTIAL FOR MUSCLE REGENERATION, DYSREGULATED MP FUNCTION PROMOTES PATHOLOGICAL MUSCLE REMODELLING. INFILTRATING MPS CAN BE PREDOMINANTLY PRO-INFLAMMATORY (M1 BIASED), ANTI-INFLAMMATORY (M2 BIASED) OR OF A MIXED PHENOTYPE AND CAN ORIGINATE FROM THE ADULT BONE MARROW (MONOCYTE DEPENDENT) OR EMBRYONIC PRECURSORS (MONOCYTE INDEPENDENT). IN MDX MICE (GENETIC MODEL OF DMD) LACKING EITHER TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR) 2 OR TLR4, IT IS FOUND THAT MP INFILTRATION OF DYSTROPHIC MUSCLE IS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED AND THAT THE MP PHENOTYPE IS SHIFTED TOWARD A MORE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROFILE. THIS IS ACCOMPANIED BY SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSCLE HISTOLOGY AND FORCE PRODUCTION. LACK OF THE CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR2, WHICH IMPEDES MONOCYTE RELEASE FROM THE BONE MARROW, LEADS TO SIMILAR BENEFICIAL EFFECTS IN MDX MICE. EVIDENCE WAS ALSO FOUND FOR TLR4-REGULATED INDUCTION OF TRAINED INNATE IMMUNITY IN MPS CULTURED FROM THE BONE MARROW OF MDX MICE BEFORE THEIR ENTRY INTO THE MUSCLE. THESE MPS EXHIBIT EPIGENETIC AND METABOLIC ALTERATIONS, ACCOMPANIED BY NON-SPECIFIC HYPER-RESPONSIVENESS TO MULTIPLE STIMULI, WHICH IS MANIFESTED BY POTENTIATED UPREGULATION OF BOTH PRO- AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY GENES. IN SUMMARY, EXAGGERATED RECRUITMENT OF MONOCYTE-DERIVED MPS AND SIGNS OF TRAINED INNATE IMMUNITY AT THE LEVEL OF THE BONE MARROW ARE FEATURES OF THE IMMUNOPHENOTYPE ASSOCIATED WITH DYSTROPHIC MUSCLE DISEASE. THESE PHENOMENA ARE REGULATED BY TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS THAT BIND ENDOGENOUS DAMAGE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERN (DAMP) MOLECULES, SUGGESTING THAT DAMP RELEASE FROM DYSTROPHIC MUSCLES MODULATES MP PLASTICITY AT THE BONE MARROW LEVEL THROUGH TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-DRIVEN MECHANISMS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
9  5568 22 ROLE OF MARIJUANA COMPONENTS ON THE REGENERATIVE ABILITY OF STEM CELLS. STEM CELL THERAPY PROMOTES TISSUE REGENERATION AND WOUND HEALING. EFFORTS HAVE BEEN MADE TO PRIME STEM CELLS TO ENHANCE THEIR REGENERATIVE ABILITIES. CERTAIN MARIJUANA COMPONENTS, NAMELY THE NON-PSYCHOACTIVE CANNABIDIOL (CBD) AND PSYCHOACTIVE TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC), ARE DEFINED AS IMMUNOMODULATORS.(9) WE TEST WHETHER TWO SOURCES OF STEM CELLS, PRIMED WITH CBD OR THC, WOULD DEMONSTRATE IMPROVED REGENERATIVE ABILITIES. HUMAN ADIPOSE-DERIVED STEM CELLS (ASCS) AND BONE MARROW-DERIVED STEM CELLS (BMDSCS), NOT OBTAINED FROM THE SAME INDIVIDUAL, WERE TREATED WITH LOW (300 NM) OR HIGH (3 MUM) CONCENTRATION CBD. PORCINE ASCS AND BMDSCS WERE ISOLATED FROM A SINGLE PIG, AND TREATED WITH EITHER LOW OR HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF CBD OR THC. TRANSWELL MIGRATION AND MTT PROLIFERATION ASSAYS WERE PERFORMED ON THE HUMAN ASCS AND BMDSCS. ALSO, TRANSWELL MIGRATION ASSAY WAS PERFORMED ON THE PORCINE ASCS AND BMDSCS. FINALLY, A WOUND HEALING SCRATCH ASSAY IN PORCINE PRIMARY FIBROBLASTS (PFS) WAS PERFORMED, CO-CULTURED WITH THE CANNABINOID-TREATED ASCS. CBD PRIMING AT LOW CONCENTRATION INDUCES MIGRATION BY 180% (P < .01) IN PORCINE ASCS, AND BY ONLY 93% (P < .02) IN PORCINE BMDSCS. IN PORCINE STEM CELLS, THC PRIMING AT LOW CONCENTRATION INDUCES MIGRATION BY 91.6% (P < .01) IN ASCS BUT BY ONLY 44.3% (P < .03) IN BMDSCS. COMPARED TO PFS CO-CULTURED WITH UNTREATED ASCS, PFS CO-CULTURED WITH LOW CBD-PRIMED ASCS HAD 75% FASTER WOUND CLOSURE AT 18 HOURS (P < .01). CBD AND THC PRIMING OF ASCS AND BMDSCS, PARTICULARLY AT LOWER DOSES, ENHANCES A NUMBER OF REGENERATIVE PARAMETERS, SUGGESTING THAT THESE MAJOR MARIJUANA COMPONENTS MAY IMPROVE STEM CELL-BASED THERAPIES. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: OUR STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT CANNABINOIDS CAN ENHANCE THE REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF TWO MAJOR SOURCES OF STEM CELLS, ADIPOSE- AND BONE MARROW-DERIVED, FROM HUMAN AND PORCINE DONORS. STEM CELL ISOLATION AND EXPANSION IS INVASIVE, COSTLY AND TIME CONSUMING. STEM CELLS WITH IMPROVED REGENERATIVE PROPERTIES MAY BE EFFECTIVE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE OR CHRONIC WOUNDS. THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY TO COMPARE THE PRIMING POTENTIAL OF TWO SOURCES OF STEM CELLS FROM THE SAME ANIMAL, WITH THE SAME GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PROFILE, AS WELL AS THE FIRST TO PRIME WITH THC.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
10  2067 23 EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF MACROPHAGE SHAPE TRANSITION TOWARDS AN ATYPICAL ELONGATED PHENOTYPE BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE ACTIVITY. INFLAMMATORY CHRONIC PATHOLOGIES ARE COMPLEX PROCESSES CHARACTERIZED BY AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN THE RESOLUTION OF THE INFLAMMATORY PHASE AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TISSUE REPAIR. THE MAIN PLAYERS IN THESE INFLAMMATORY PATHOLOGIES ARE BONE MARROW DERIVED MONOCYTES (BMDMS). HOWEVER, HOW MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IS MODULATED TO GIVE RISE TO SPECIFIC MACROPHAGE SUBPOPULATIONS (M1 OR M2) THAT MAY EITHER MAINTAIN THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESS OR LEAD TO WOUND HEALING IS STILL UNCLEAR. CONSIDERING THAT INHIBITORS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) HAVE AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY, WE ASKED WHETHER THIS ENZYME WOULD PLAY A ROLE ON MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION INTO M1 OR M2 PHENOTYPE AND IN THE CELL SHAPE TRANSITION THAT FOLLOWS. WE THEN INDUCED MURINE BONE MARROW PROGENITORS INTO MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION PATHWAY USING MEDIA CONTAINING GM-CSF AND THE HDAC BLOCKER, TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA). WE FOUND THAT THE PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF HDAC ACTIVITY LED TO A SHAPE TRANSITION FROM THE TYPICAL MACROPHAGE PANCAKE-LIKE SHAPE INTO AN ELONGATED MORPHOLOGY, WHICH WAS CORRELATED TO A MIXED M1/M2 PROFILE OF CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE SECRETION. OUR RESULTS PRESENT, FOR THE FIRST TIME, THAT HDAC ACTIVITY ACTS AS A REGULATOR OF MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE ABSENCE OF LYMPHOCYTE STIMULI. WE PROPOSE THAT HDAC ACTIVITY DOWN REGULATES MACROPHAGE PLASTICITY FAVORING THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
11  2026 27 EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN BONE MARROW PROGENITOR CELLS INFLUENCE THE INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE AND ALTER WOUND HEALING IN TYPE 2 DIABETES. CLASSICALLY ACTIVATED (M1) MACROPHAGES ARE KNOWN TO PLAY A ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED WOUND HEALING IN TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D); HOWEVER, THE MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DOMINANT PROINFLAMMATORY (M1) MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPE IN T2D WOUNDS IS UNKNOWN. SINCE EPIGENETIC ENZYMES CAN DIRECT MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPES, WE ASSESSED THE ROLE OF HISTONE METHYLATION IN BONE MARROW (BM) STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS IN THE PROGRAMMING OF MACROPHAGES TOWARD A PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE. WE HAVE FOUND THAT A REPRESSIVE HISTONE METHYLATION MARK, H3K27ME3, IS DECREASED AT THE PROMOTER OF THE IL-12 GENE IN BM PROGENITORS AND THIS EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE IS PASSED DOWN TO WOUND MACROPHAGES IN A MURINE MODEL OF GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE (DIET-INDUCED OBESE). THESE EPIGENETICALLY "PREPROGRAMMED" MACROPHAGES RESULT IN POISED MACROPHAGES IN PERIPHERAL TISSUE AND NEGATIVELY IMPACT WOUND REPAIR. WE FOUND THAT IN DIABETIC CONDITIONS THE H3K27 DEMETHYLASE JMJD3 DRIVES IL-12 PRODUCTION IN MACROPHAGES AND THAT IL-12 PRODUCTION CAN BE MODULATED BY INHIBITING JMJD3. USING HUMAN T2D TISSUE AND MURINE MODELS, WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED MECHANISM BY WHICH MACROPHAGES ARE PROGRAMMED TOWARD A PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE, ESTABLISHING A PATTERN OF UNRESTRAINED INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH NONHEALING WOUNDS. HENCE, HISTONE DEMETHYLASE INHIBITOR-BASED THERAPY MAY REPRESENT A NOVEL TREATMENT OPTION FOR DIABETIC WOUNDS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
12  2241 19 EPIGENETIC MODULATION IN PERIODONTITIS: INTERACTION OF ADIPONECTIN AND JMJD3-IRF4 AXIS IN MACROPHAGES. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN MODULATING SIGNALS DURING MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION AND INFLAMMATION. JMJD3, A JMJC FAMILY HISTONE DEMETHYLASE NECESSARY FOR M2 POLARIZATION IS ALSO REQUIRED FOR EFFECTIVE INDUCTION OF MULTIPLE M1 GENES BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS). HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS OF JMJD3 TO INFLAMMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF OBESITY REMAINS UNKNOWN. TO ADDRESS THIS DEFICIENCY, WE FIRSTLY EXAMINED THE EXPRESSION OF JMJD3 IN MACROPHAGE ISOLATED FROM BONE MARROW AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF DIET INDUCED OBESITY (DIO) MICE. THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT JMJD3 WAS DOWN-REGULATED IN OBESITY. ADIPONECTIN (APN), A FACTOR SECRETED BY ADIPOSE TISSUE WHICH IS DOWN-REGULATED IN OBESITY, FUNCTIONS TO SWITCH MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION FROM M1 TO M2, THEREBY ATTENUATING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. INTRIGUINGLY, OUR RESULTS INDICATED THAT APN CONTRIBUTED TO JMJD3 UP-REGULATION, REDUCED MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION IN OBESE ADIPOSE TISSUE, AND ABOLISHED THE UP-REGULATION OF JMJD3 IN PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES ISOLATED FROM DIO MICE WHEN CHALLENGED WITH PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS LPS (PG.LPS). TO ELUCIDATE THE INTERACTION OF APN AND JMJD3 INVOLVED IN MACROPHAGE TRANSFORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF INFLAMMATION, WE DESIGNED THE LOSS AND GAIN-FUNCTION EXPERIMENTS OF APN IN VIVO WITH APN(-/-) MICE WITH EXPERIMENTAL PERIODONTITIS AND IN VITRO WITH MACROPHAGE ISOLATED FROM APN(-/-) MICE. FOR THE FIRST TIME, WE FOUND THAT APN CAN HELP TO REDUCE PERIODONTITIS-RELATED BONE LOSS, MODULATE JMJD3 AND IRF4 EXPRESSION, AND MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION. THEREFORE, IT CAN BE INFERRED THAT APN MAY CONTRIBUTE TO ANTI-INFLAMMATION MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION BY REGULATING JMJD3 EXPRESSION, WHICH PROVIDES A BASIS FOR MACROPHAGE-CENTERED EPIGENETIC THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
13  4391 30 MODERATE EXERCISE INDUCES TRAINED IMMUNITY IN MACROPHAGES. DESPITE ITS IMPORTANCE IN PROTECTING THE HOST FROM INFECTIONS AND INJURY, EXCESSIVE INFLAMMATION MAY LEAD TO SERIOUS HUMAN DISEASES INCLUDING AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, DIABETES, AND CANCER. EXERCISE IS A KNOWN IMMUNOMODULATOR; HOWEVER, WHETHER EXERCISE CAUSES LONG-TERM CHANGES IN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES AND HOW THESE CHANGES OCCUR ARE LACKING. HERE, WE SHOW THAT CHRONIC MODERATE-INTENSITY TRAINING OF MICE LEADS TO PERSISTENT METABOLIC REWIRING AND CHANGES TO CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY IN BONE MARROW-DERIVED MACROPHAGES (BMDMS), WHICH, IN TURN, TEMPERS THEIR INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES. WE SHOW THAT BMDMS FROM EXERCISED MICE EXHIBITED A DECREASE IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS)-INDUCED NF-KAPPAB ACTIVATION AND PROINFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION ALONG WITH AN INCREASE IN M2-LIKE-ASSOCIATED GENES WHEN COMPARED WITH BMDMS FROM SEDENTARY MICE. THIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED MITOCHONDRIAL QUALITY AND INCREASED RELIANCE ON OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION ACCOMPANIED WITH REDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) PRODUCTION. MECHANISTICALLY, ASSAY FOR TRANSPOSASE-ACCESSIBLE CHROMATIN (ATAC)-SEQ ANALYSIS SHOWED CHANGES IN CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATORY AND METABOLIC PATHWAYS. OVERALL, OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT CHRONIC MODERATE EXERCISE CAN INFLUENCE THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES OF MACROPHAGES BY REPROGRAMMING THEIR METABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE.NEW & NOTEWORTHY IN THIS STUDY, WE EXPLAIN HOW LONG-TERM MODERATE EXERCISE TRAINING CAN REDUCE INFLAMMATION IN MOUSE MACROPHAGES BY REPROGRAMMING THE WAY THEY SENSE AND RESPOND TO THE PRESENCE OF PATHOGENS. WE COMPLETED A THOROUGH ANALYSIS AND SHOWED THAT THESE CHANGES PERSIST IN MACROPHAGES BECAUSE EXERCISE IMPROVES THE ABILITY OF CELLS TO UTILIZE OXYGEN WITHOUT PRODUCING DAMAGING COMPOUNDS, AND CHANGES THE WAY THEY ACCESS THEIR DNA.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
14  3878 27 KDM6B OVEREXPRESSION ACTIVATES INNATE IMMUNE SIGNALING AND IMPAIRS HEMATOPOIESIS IN MICE. KDM6B IS AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR THAT MEDIATES TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION DURING DIFFERENTIATION, INCLUDING IN BONE MARROW (BM) HEMATOPOIETIC STEM AND PROGENITOR CELLS (HSPCS). OVEREXPRESSION OF KDM6B HAS BEEN REPORTED IN BM HSPCS OF PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS) AND CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML). WHETHER THE OVEREXPRESSION OF KDM6B CONTRIBUTES TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF THESE DISEASES REMAINS TO BE ELUCIDATED. TO STUDY THIS, WE GENERATED A VAV-KDM6B MOUSE MODEL, WHICH OVEREXPRESSES KDM6B IN THE HEMATOPOIETIC COMPARTMENT. KDM6B OVEREXPRESSION ALONE LED TO MILD HEMATOPOIETIC PHENOTYPE, AND CHRONIC INNATE IMMUNE STIMULATION OF VAV-KDM6B MICE WITH THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR) LIGAND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) RESULTED IN SIGNIFICANT HEMATOPOIETIC DEFECTS. THESE DEFECTS RECAPITULATED FEATURES OF MDS AND CMML, INCLUDING LEUKOPENIA, DYSPLASIA, AND COMPROMISED REPOPULATING FUNCTION OF BM HSPCS. TRANSCRIPTOME STUDIES INDICATED THAT KDM6B OVEREXPRESSION ALONE COULD LEAD TO ACTIVATION OF DISEASE-RELEVANT GENES SUCH AS S100A9 IN BM HSPCS, AND WHEN COMBINED WITH INNATE IMMUNE STIMULATION, KDM6B OVEREXPRESSION RESULTED IN MORE PROFOUND OVEREXPRESSION OF INNATE IMMUNE AND DISEASE-RELEVANT GENES, INDICATING THAT KDM6B WAS INVOLVED IN THE ACTIVATION OF INNATE IMMUNE SIGNALING IN BM HSPCS. FINALLY, PHARMACOLOGIC INHIBITION OF KDM6B WITH THE SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR GSK-J4 AMELIORATED THE INEFFECTIVE HEMATOPOIESIS OBSERVED IN VAV-KDM6B MICE. THIS EFFECT WAS ALSO OBSERVED WHEN GSK-J4 WAS APPLIED TO THE PRIMARY BM HSPCS OF PATIENTS WITH MDS BY IMPROVING THEIR REPOPULATING FUNCTION. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT OVEREXPRESSION OF KDM6B MEDIATES ACTIVATION OF INNATE IMMUNE SIGNALS AND HAS A ROLE IN MDS AND CMML PATHOGENESIS, AND THAT KDM6B TARGETING HAS THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL IN THESE MYELOID DISORDERS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
15  1482 20 DIVERSITY, MECHANISMS, AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MACROPHAGE PLASTICITY. MACROPHAGES ARE A DIVERSE SET OF CELLS PRESENT IN ALL BODY COMPARTMENTS. THIS DIVERSITY IS IMPRINTED BY THEIR ONTOGENETIC ORIGIN (EMBRYONAL VERSUS ADULT BONE MARROW-DERIVED CELLS); THE ORGAN CONTEXT; BY THEIR ACTIVATION OR DEACTIVATION BY VARIOUS SIGNALS IN THE CONTEXTS OF MICROBIAL INVASION, TISSUE DAMAGE, AND METABOLIC DERANGEMENT; AND BY POLARIZATION OF ADAPTIVE T CELL RESPONSES. CLASSIC ADAPTIVE RESPONSES OF MACROPHAGES INCLUDE TOLERANCE, PRIMING, AND A WIDE SPECTRUM OF ACTIVATION STATES, INCLUDING M1, M2, OR M2-LIKE. MOREOVER, MACROPHAGES CAN RETAIN LONG-TERM IMPRINTING OF MICROBIAL ENCOUNTERS (TRAINED INNATE IMMUNITY). SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS OF MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE HAS ADDED A NEW DIMENSION TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE DIVERSITY OF MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION AND ACTIVATION. EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPES, TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, AND MICRORNA NETWORKS UNDERLIE THE ADAPTABILITY OF MACROPHAGES TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CUES. MACROPHAGE PLASTICITY, AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, AND ITS INVOLVEMENT IN DIVERSE HUMAN DISEASES, MOST NOTABLY CANCER, IS DISCUSSED HERE AS A PARADIGM.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
16   744 29 CANNABINOID WIN55,212-2 REPROGRAMS MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES TO INHIBIT LPS-INDUCED INFLAMMATION. INTRODUCTION: CHRONIC OR UNCONTROLLED ACTIVATION OF MYELOID CELLS INCLUDING MONOCYTES, MACROPHAGES AND DENDRITIC CELLS (DCS) IS A HALLMARK OF IMMUNE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS. THERE IS AN URGENT NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL DRUGS WITH THE CAPACITY TO IMPAIR INNATE IMMUNE CELL OVERACTIVATION UNDER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. COMPELLING EVIDENCE POINTED OUT CANNABINOIDS AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TOOLS WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOMODULATORY CAPACITY. WIN55,212-2, A NON-SELECTIVE SYNTHETIC CANNABINOID AGONIST, DISPLAYS PROTECTIVE EFFECTS IN SEVERAL INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS BY MECHANISMS PARTIALLY DEPENDING ON THE GENERATION OF TOLEROGENIC DCS ABLE TO INDUCE FUNCTIONAL REGULATORY T CELLS (TREGS). HOWEVER, ITS IMMUNOMODULATORY CAPACITY ON OTHER MYELOID CELLS SUCH AS MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES REMAINS INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: HUMAN MONOCYTE-DERIVED DCS (HMODCS) WERE DIFFERENTIATED IN THE ABSENCE (CONVENTIONAL HMODCS) OR PRESENCE OF WIN55,212-2 (WIN-HMODCS). CELLS WERE STIMULATED WITH LPS, COCULTURED WITH NAIVE T LYMPHOCYTES AND THEIR CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AND ABILITY TO INDUCE T CELL RESPONSES WERE ANALYSED BY ELISA OR FLOW CYTOMETRY. TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF WIN55,212-2 IN MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION, HUMAN AND MURINE MACROPHAGES WERE ACTIVATED WITH LPS OR LPS/IFNGAMMA, IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF THE CANNABINOID. CYTOKINE, COSTIMULATORY MOLECULES AND INFLAMMASOME MARKERS WERE ASSAYED. METABOLIC AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS WERE ALSO PERFORMED. FINALLY, THE PROTECTIVE CAPACITY OF WIN55,212-2 WAS STUDIED IN VIVO IN BALB/C MICE AFTER INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION WITH LPS. RESULTS: WE SHOW FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HMODCS IN THE PRESENCE OF WIN55,212-2 GENERATES TOLEROGENIC WIN-HMODCS THAT ARE LESS RESPONSIVE TO LPS STIMULATION AND ABLE TO PRIME TREGS. WIN55,212-2 ALSO IMPAIRS THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY POLARIZATION OF HUMAN MACROPHAGES BY INHIBITING CYTOKINE PRODUCTION, INFLAMMASOME ACTIVATION AND RESCUING MACROPHAGES FROM PYROPTOTIC CELL DEATH. MECHANISTICALLY, WIN55,212-2 INDUCED A METABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC SHIFT IN MACROPHAGES BY DECREASING LPS-INDUCED MTORC1 SIGNALING, COMMITMENT TO GLYCOLYSIS AND ACTIVE HISTONE MARKS IN PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PROMOTERS. WE CONFIRMED THESE DATA IN EX VIVO LPS-STIMULATED PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES (PMPHIS), WHICH WERE ALSO SUPPORTED BY THE IN VIVO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CAPACITY OF WIN55,212-2 IN A LPS-INDUCED SEPSIS MOUSE MODEL. CONCLUSION: OVERALL, WE SHED LIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BY WHICH CANNABINOIDS EXERT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES IN MYELOID CELLS, WHICH MIGHT WELL CONTRIBUTE TO THE FUTURE RATIONAL DESIGN OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS.	2023	

17  4181 21 MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN IMMUNE-MEDIATED BONE MARROW FAILURE SYNDROMES. IMMUNE-MEDIATED BONE MARROW FAILURE SYNDROMES (BMFS) ARE CHARACTERIZED BY INEFFECTIVE MARROW HAEMOPOIESIS AND SUBSEQUENT PERIPHERAL CYTOPENIAS. INEFFECTIVE HAEMOPOIESIS IS THE RESULT OF A COMPLEX MARROW DEREGULATION INCLUDING GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND IMMUNE-MEDIATED ALTERATIONS IN HAEMOPOIETIC STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS, AS WELL AS ABNORMAL HAEMOPOIETIC-TO-STROMAL CELL INTERACTIONS, WITH ABNORMAL RELEASE OF HAEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS, CHEMOKINES, AND INHIBITORS. MESENCHYMAL STEM/STROMAL CELLS (MSCS) AND THEIR PROGENY (I.E., OSTEOBLASTS, ADIPOCYTES, AND RETICULAR CELLS) ARE CONSIDERED AS KEY CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF THE BONE MARROW HAEMOPOIETIC NICHE. MSCS MAY INTERFERE WITH HAEMOPOIETIC AS WELL AS IMMUNE REGULATION. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT BONE MARROW MSCS MAY BE INVOLVED IN IMMUNE-MEDIATED BMFS UNDERLYING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, HARBORING EITHER NATIVE ABNORMALITIES AND/OR SECONDARY DEFECTS, CAUSED BY EXPOSURE TO ACTIVATED MARROW COMPONENTS. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES PREVIOUS AS WELL AS MORE RECENT INFORMATION RELATED TO THE BIOLOGIC/FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BONE MARROW MSCS IN MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES, ACQUIRED APLASTIC ANEMIA, AND CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC NEUTROPENIA.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
18  3224 23 HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND STEM CELLS AT THE ORIGIN OF GASTRIC CANCER. HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IS NOW RECOGNIZED AS THE MAIN AND SPECIFIC INFECTIOUS CAUSE OF CANCER IN THE WORLD. IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMAS OF BOTH INTESTINAL AND DIFFUSE TYPES, WHICH ARE THE LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF THE CHRONIC INFECTION OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA. CASE-CONTROL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE TWO, RECOGNIZED AS EARLY AS 1994 AND FURTHER SUBSTANTIATED BY INTERVENTIONAL STUDIES IN WHICH H. PYLORI ERADICATION HAS LED TO THE PREVENTION OF AT LEAST PART OF THE GASTRIC CANCERS. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES HAVE HIGHLIGHTED THE ROLE OF BONE MARROW-DERIVED CELLS (BMDCS) AND PARTICULARLY MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS, IN THE NEOPLASTIC PROCESS IN ABOUT A QUARTER OF THE CASES AND POSSIBLY AN EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (EMT) IN THE OTHER CASES. DIFFERENT STUDIES HAVE CONFIRMED THAT CHRONIC INFECTION WITH H. PYLORI INDUCES A CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND SUBSEQUENT DAMAGE OF THE GASTRIC EPITHELIAL MUCOSA, LEADING TO BMDC RECRUITMENT. ONCE RECRUITED, THESE CELLS HOME AND DIFFERENTIATE BY CELL-CELL FUSION WITH LOCAL GASTRIC EPITHELIAL CELLS, BEARING LOCAL STEM CELL FAILURE AND PARTICIPATING IN TISSUE REGENERATION. THE CONTEXT OF CHRONIC INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION LEADS TO AN EMT AND ALTERED TISSUE REGENERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION FROM BOTH LOCAL EPITHELIAL STEM CELLS AND BMDC. EMT INDUCES THE EMERGENCE OF CD44+ CELLS POSSESSING MESENCHYMAL AND STEM CELL PROPERTIES, RESULTING IN METAPLASTIC AND DYSPLASTIC LESIONS TO GIVE RISE, AFTER ADDITIONAL EPIGENETIC AND MUTATIONAL EVENTS, TO THE EMERGENCE OF CANCER STEM CELLS (CSCS) AND ADENOCARCINOMA.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
19  6111 24 THE EPIGENETIC ARCHITECTURE AT GENE PROMOTERS DETERMINES CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC LPS TOLERANCE. SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS (SF) DRIVE INFLAMMATION AND JOINT DESTRUCTION IN CHRONIC ARTHRITIS. HERE WE SHOW THAT SF POSSESS A DISTINCT TYPE OF LPS TOLERANCE COMPARED TO MACROPHAGES AND OTHER TYPES OF FIBROBLASTS. IN SF AND DERMAL FIBROBLASTS, GENES THAT WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE AFTER REPEATED LPS STIMULATION INCLUDED PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES, WHEREAS ANTI-VIRAL GENES WERE TOLERIZABLE. IN MACROPHAGES, ALL MEASURED GENES WERE TOLERIZABLE, WHEREAS IN GINGIVAL AND FORESKIN FIBROBLASTS THESE GENES WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE. REPEATED STIMULATION OF SF WITH LPS RESULTED IN LOSS OF ACTIVATING HISTONE MARKS ONLY IN PROMOTERS OF TOLERIZABLE GENES. THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE AT PROMOTERS OF TOLERIZABLE GENES WAS SIMILAR IN UNSTIMULATED SF AND MONOCYTES, WHEREAS THE BASAL CONFIGURATION OF HISTONE MARKS PROFOUNDLY DIFFERED IN GENES THAT WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE IN SF ONLY. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT THE EPIGENETIC CONFIGURATION AT GENE PROMOTERS REGULATES CELL-SPECIFIC LPS-INDUCED RESPONSES AND PRIMES SF TO SUSTAIN THEIR INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN CHRONIC ARTHRITIS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
20  2072 22 EPIGENETIC CONVERSION OF HUMAN ADULT BONE MESODERMAL STROMAL CELLS INTO NEUROECTODERMAL CELL TYPES FOR REPLACEMENT THERAPY OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS. TISSUE-SPECIFIC STEM CELLS, SUCH AS BONE MARROW-DERIVED MESODERMAL STROMAL CELLS (MSCS), ARE THOUGHT TO BE LINEAGE RESTRICTED AND, THEREFORE, COULD ONLY BE DIFFERENTIATED INTO CELL TYPES OF THE TISSUE OF ORIGIN. SEVERAL RECENT STUDIES, HOWEVER, SUGGEST THAT THESE TYPES OF STEM CELLS MIGHT BE ABLE TO BREAK BARRIERS OF GERM LAYER COMMITMENT AND DIFFERENTIATE IN VITRO AND/OR IN VIVO INTO CELLS OF DIFFERENT TISSUES, SUCH AS NEUROECTODERMAL CELL TYPES. RECENTLY, PROTOCOLS FOR HIGH-YIELD GENERATION OF UNDIFFERENTIATED NEURAL STEM CELL (NSC)-LIKE CELLS FROM MSCS OF PRIMATE AND HUMAN ORIGIN WERE REPORTED. UNDIFFERENTIATED NSCS ARE COMMONLY USED AND ARE MORE SUITABLE FOR NEUROTRANSPLANTATION COMPARED WITH FULLY DIFFERENTIATED NEURAL CELLS, AS DIFFERENTIATED NEURAL CELLS ARE WELL KNOWN TO POORLY SURVIVE DETACHMENT AND SUBSEQUENT TRANSPLANTATION PROCEDURES. THESE HUMAN MSC-DERIVED NSC-LIKE CELLS (MSC-NSCS) GROW IN NEUROSPHERE-LIKE STRUCTURES AND EXPRESS HIGH LEVELS OF EARLY NEUROECTODERMAL MARKERS, BUT LOSE CHARACTERISTICS OF MSCS. IN THE PRESENCE OF SELECTED GROWTH FACTORS, HUMAN MSC-NSCS CAN BE DIFFERENTIATED INTO THE THREE MAIN NEURAL PHENOTYPES: ASTROGLIA, OLIGODENDROGLIA AND NEURONS. COMPARED WITH DIRECT DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN MSCS INTO MATURE NEURAL CELLS, THE CONVERSION STEP SEEMS TO BE ESSENTIAL TO GENERATE MATURE FUNCTIONAL NEUROECTODERMAL CELLS. THIS REVIEW DESCRIBES THE TECHNIQUES FOR THE CONVERSION OF HUMAN MSCS INTO NSCS AND SUMMARISES THE DATA ON EPIGENETIC CONVERSION OF HUMAN MSCS INTO IMMATURE NEUROECTODERMAL CELLS. THESE CELLS PROVIDE A POWERFUL TOOL FOR INVESTIGATING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURAL DIFFERENTIATION, AND MIGHT SERVE AS AN AUTOLOGOUS CELL SOURCE TO TREAT ACUTE AND CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES.	2006